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中文简体Dominating grinding tools: Complete guide on hardness, grain size and applications
1. Characteristics of abrasives
TObrasives are fundamental materials in grinding and polished processes, recognized for their ability to shape and refine surfaces. Its properties, such as hardness, structure and union agents, play a key role in their performance in various applications.
| Type of abrasive | Code | Characteristics | Applications | Rank of use |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brown aluminum oxide | A | High tenacity, excellent wear resistance, profitable | Ideal for general grinding of metal materials | Suitable for the processing of common metal pieces such as steel and iron |
| White aluminum oxide | Wa | High hardness, purity and resistance superior to wear | Perfect for precision grinding and surface finishing, especially in hard materials | Suitable for stainless steel and high hardness alloys |
| Monocrystalline aluminum oxide | SA | Dense crystalline structure, highly durable | Used for high precision and polishing grinding of special pieces | Ideal for precision molds and manufacturing complex components |
| Microcrystalline aluminum oxide | Ma | Microcrystalline structure, exceptional wear resistance | Adequate for ultraprecisa grinding and complex surface treatments | Perfect for optical glass and components of precision instruments |
| Black silicon carbide | C | High hardness, strong cutting power, profitable | Ideal for grinding of non -metallic materials such as glass and ceramics | Suitable for the processing of glass and ceramic items |
| Green silicon carbide | GC | Extremely high hardness, high purity, efficient cutting | Perfect for high precision processing of non -metallic materials | Ideal for semiconductor materials and optical components |
| Brown aluminum oxide (Pa) | PA | Good durability, low cost | Suitable for general industrial grinding and surface treatment | Ideal for the raw rectified of large -scale metal pieces |
2. Hardness
The hardness of a grinding tool refers to the ease or difficulty with which abrasive grains are detached from their surface under external force. The tools with grains that emerge easily have a low hardness, while those with firmly adhered grains exhibit high hardness. In China, the hardness of grinding tools is classified into seven main levels and 14 sub -levels.
The choice of proper hardness depends mainly on the hardness of the material to be processed. Other factors to consider include the contact area between the tool and the workpiece, the shape of the piece, the grinding method, the cooling techniques and the type of union agent used.
3. Structure
The structure of a grinding tool describes the density or spacing of abrasive grains within it, generally expressed as the percentage of abrasive volume. A densest structure, where grains are less likely to detach themselves, helps maintain the shape of the tool and is ideal for grinding, heavy grinding or intermittent tasks.
On the other hand, a more loose structure prevents grain dullness, improves cutting efficiency, generates less heat during grinding and reduces the risk of burns or deformations in the piece. This makes it suitable for soft but resistant materials, heat -sensitive components, thin parts or grinding with large contact areas.
4. Union agents
Union agents act as the adhesive that connects abrasive grains, forming a grinding tool with a defined geometric shape. The most common union agents include ceramics, resin and rubber.
Ceramic Union agents (previously encoded as "A", now "V") are widely used thanks to their high porosity, upper grinding efficiency, minimum wear and ability to maintain the geometric shape of the wheel. This makes them the most popular option in the industry.
5. Grain size
Grain size selection for a grinding tool depends on the desired surface finish of the piece and production efficiency requirements. Different grain sizes are adapted to specific applications, guaranteeing optimal results according to quality and production needs.
Application range according to grain size:
- 36# ~ 100# : Ideal for thick grinding, perfect to shape and eliminate material on hard surfaces.
- 120# ~ 150# : Suitable for intermediate finishing, offering a balance between efficiency and superficial softness.
- 180# ~ 240# : Excellent for fine finish grinding, providing a softer finish in delicate pieces.
- 240# ~ W20 : Perfect for precision grinding, ensuring high quality finishes in complex components.
- W20 (Ultra-Fino) : Optimal for ultrafino polishing, achieving a mirror finish in sensitive materials.
